李嘉图的比较优势模型一向被看作自由贸易政策的基础。但从这一层面分析,李嘉图模型存在两大缺陷,其一是具有非普适性;其二是具有非对称性。由于这两个缺陷,他对自由贸易政策的论证也是不完善的。经济学家对李嘉图模型的非普适性从未认识,对其非对称性则严重忽略了。本文研究了这些问题,深化了关于国际分工和贸易理论的认识,突出了经济全球化条件下的国家利益,并提示了其中的政策含义。 Ricardo’s model of comparative advantage has always been regarded as the basis of free trade policy. However, from the perspective of this analysis, the Ricardian model has two major defects, one of which is non-universal; the other is asymmetric. Because of these two flaws, his argument for free trade policy is also incomplete. Economists never knew about the non-universality of the Ricardo model, and their asymmetry was seriously ignored. This paper studies these issues, deepens the understanding of the international division of labor and trade theories, highlights the national interests under the conditions of economic globalization, and prompts the policy implications.