—、引言在日本,很多村落长年以来存在着各自管理、利用村有地的规则,久而久之成为各村落的习惯。村民可以自由利用村落附近的山林原野、池沼等,自由获取薪柴、牛马的饲料,也可以打猎、捕鱼。旧有的村落逐渐形成了自治性、地缘性的村落自治组织。村民们共同管理村有地、村落公共用水,共同守卫村庄。村民之间的关系越来越紧 -, Introduction In Japan, many villages have long existed the rules of their own management and use of village and territory, and have become the habit of the villages as time passes. Villagers can freely use the forest fields and ponds near the village for free access to fuelwood, cattle and horses, and can also hunt and fish. The old villages gradually formed an autonomous and geopolitical village self-governing organization. The villagers jointly manage the village and village, village public water, together guard the village. The relationship between villagers is getting tighter