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现代社会的个体化特征,使学生丧失了参与能力:表现为课堂参与能力的丧失,对学校管理事务的淡漠。提高教育成效需要发挥主体的自觉性,然而学生参与存在很大障碍。借鉴帕森斯社会行动理论,单位行动分成四部分:目的、条件、手段、规范。文章首先从四要素入手深入分析学生参与的内涵,继而发现该四要素具有可教育性、可控性,参与行动与参与行动系统具有可联系性。因此,可从文化、校内外支持系统、规范设定等角度提高学生的参与度。
The individual characteristics of modern society, so that students lose the ability to participate: the performance of classroom participation, the loss of school management affairs indifference. To improve the effectiveness of education needs to play the main part of the consciousness, however, there are great obstacles to student participation. Drawing lessons from Parsons’ theory of social action, unit actions are divided into four parts: purpose, conditions, means and norms. The article first analyzes the connotation of student participation from the four elements, and then finds that the four elements are educable and controllable, and the participatory and participatory action systems are connected. Therefore, students’ participation can be improved from the perspectives of culture, school support system, and regulation setting.