莫拉氏菌(Moraxella)为一类寄存于人和动物器官粘膜的革兰氏阴性球杆菌,其病原学及分类学意义日益引起医学、兽医学及微生物学界重视。国际间已成立专门组织进行协作研究。国外有关此类细菌的临床报导日多,婴幼儿及老年患者病死率很高。实验室工作早年多限于一般表型特征,晚近由于分子生物学及细胞遗传学的发展,对此类细菌的分类学研究已提高到了一个新的水平,对莫拉氏菌与类似菌的亲缘关系的研究,亦更深入。我国莫拉氏菌类的感染及分类学研究近些年已引起注意,有关工作正在开展,特就此类细菌的研究进展,综述于后。命名和分类莫拉氏菌于1896年由瑞士眼科学家 V.Morax自结膜炎分泌物中首次检出,次年 Axenfeld 亦同样分得此菌,故称 Morax—Axenfeld 双杆菌。Pe-tit(1900)自角膜溃疡处分离得可液化血清的菌株称液化双杆菌,其后许多学者均分得类似培养物。Sarlett 及 Oliver 等先后发现不液化凝固血清的菌株称为不液化双杆菌。同时 Scarlett 又检出1株 Moraxella is a family of Gram-negative cocci deposited on human and animal mucosa. The etiological and taxonomic significance of Moraxella has drawn increasing attention from the medical, veterinary and microbiological communities. International organizations have been set up to conduct collaborative research. Foreign clinical reports of such bacteria more, infants and elderly patients with high mortality. Laboratory work more limited to the early years of the general phenotypic characteristics of the recent due to the development of molecular biology and cytogenetics, taxonomy of such bacteria has been raised to a new level of affinity for Moraxella and similar bacteria Research, but also more in-depth. In recent years, the infection and taxonomic study of Moraxella in our country have drawn much attention and relevant work is being carried out. The progress of this kind of bacteria is reviewed. Nomenclature and classification Moraxella was first detected in 1896 by Swiss ophthalmologist V. Morax from conjunctivitis secretions. The following year, Axenfeld also shared this bacterium, so it was called Morax-Axenfeld. Pe-tit (1900) The strain that separates liquefied serum from corneal ulcers is called Leukemia liquefaction, and many scholars have since divided into similar cultures. Sarlett and Oliver, etc. have found non-liquefaction coagulation serum strains known as non-liquefied dual bacteria. At the same time, Scarlett also detected a strain