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1962年初,苏联政府决定在古巴部署中程、中远程导弹,向美国在西半球的霸主地位挑战。对于此举的意图,当事者有着明显不同的解释。赫鲁晓夫声称苏联的行为是为了保卫古巴。而美国当局认为苏联的意图在于考验年轻的美国总统和美国人的意志。此外,学术界也进行了广泛的研究,西方学者多数认为“考验意志”之说低估了苏联的意图。但也有人提出,这是苏联为弥补柏林问题的失利而采用的障眼法。但这些说法并不确切。笔者认为,苏联此举有以下几个方面的意图。
In early 1962, the Soviet government decided to deploy medium-range and long-range missiles to Cuba to challenge the dominance of the United States in the western hemisphere. The parties have clearly different interpretations of the intentions of the move. Khrushchov claimed that the actions of the Soviet Union were to defend Cuba. The U.S. authorities, however, think the Soviet intention is to test the will of the young U.S. president and the U.S. people. In addition, extensive research has also been conducted in academia. Most Western scholars believe that the “test of will” underestimates the Soviet Union’s intentions. However, it was also suggested that this is a glaring tactic adopted by the Soviet Union to make up for the defeat of the Berlin issue. But these statements are not exact. The author believes that the Soviet Union has the intention of the following aspects.