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本文观测了低合金钢50D 制圆柱拉伸试样在塑性变形(包括颈缩、断裂)各阶段的空穴(Void)形成过程。在观测、分析和计算的基础上,对空穴形核(nuclea-tion)、扩张(growth)和聚合(coalescence)规律作了一些定量分析、讨论。发现总体平均意义下的空穴扩张规律与理论模型[2] 预示的相差甚多;而个体平均意义下的临界空穴扩张此,则与[2] 预示的相近;给出了所研究试样的空穴形核应变和聚合应变的定量观测结果;文中还报道了若干细节和一些典型的扫描电镜断口照片,以供作相应宏观力学模型化时参考。
In this paper, we observed the formation of void in plastic deformation (including necking and fracture) of 50D low-alloy steel cylindrical specimens. Based on the observations, analyzes and calculations, some quantitative analyzes and discussions are made on the rules of nucleation, growth and coalescence. It is found that the law of cavity expansion under the overall average is quite different from that predicted by the theoretical model [2]; whereas the critical cavity expansion in the individual’s mean is similar to that predicted by [2] And the results of quantitative observation of the nucleation strain and the polymerization strain. Some details and some typical SEM photographs are also reported for reference when modeling the corresponding macro-mechanics.