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目的：了解黑水县居民医疗卫生需要量、门诊和住院服务利用的基本情况和特点。方法：通过分层整群抽样访谈调查黑水县１５岁及以上的居民１４８３人。结果：慢性病患病率是全国农村平均水平的２．１倍，两周患病率是全国农村平均水平的１．９８倍，不同人群医疗需要量有所不同。影响黑水县居民健康最重要的疾病是消化系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、传染病和寄生虫疾病。两周就诊率只有全国农村的１／２，未就诊率是全国农村的２倍，多数系统疾病近２／３未就诊。年住院率高于全国农村水平并以消化系病、传染病和寄生虫病、呼吸系疾病为前三位。结论：黑水县与全国农村相比呈医疗高需要、门诊服务低利用、住院服务高利用的特点，并且生物医学模式的疾病谱在该地区仍占主导地位。
Objectives: To understand the basic conditions and characteristics of residents’ health care needs, outpatient services, and inpatient services in Heishui County. Methods: A total of 1483 people aged 15 and over in Heishui County were surveyed through a stratified cluster sampling interview. Results: The prevalence of chronic diseases was 2.1 times higher than the national average of rural areas. The two-week prevalence rate was 1.98 times higher than the average rural level in the country. The medical needs of different groups were different. The most important diseases that affect the health of residents in Heishui County are digestive diseases, respiratory diseases, infectious diseases and parasitic diseases. The two-week consultation rate was only 1/2 of that of rural areas in the country, and the rate of unsatisfied visits was twice that of rural areas in the country, and nearly two-thirds of most system diseases did not visit the clinic. The annual hospitalization rate is higher than the national rural level and the top three are gastrointestinal diseases, infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, and respiratory diseases. Conclusion: Compared with rural areas throughout the country, Heishui County has the characteristics of high medical needs, low utilization of outpatient services, and high utilization of hospitalization services, and the disease spectrum of biomedical models still dominates the region.