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“除四害”这一概念最早出现在《农业十七条》中,提出的初衷不仅是为了提高人民群众的健康水平,更是为了增加国家的粮食产量。毛泽东对“除四害”运动极为重视,亲自领导了这场运动的宣传工作和纲领性文件的修改工作,还把这场运动列入了《工作方法六十条》。在中央的重视下,“除四害”运动于1957年冬和次年上半年达到高潮。“除四害”运动为消灭蚊、蝇、鼠等病媒生物以预防和控制传染病的传播,提高人民群众的身体健康水平发挥了积极作用。但这场运动并未带来粮食增产。“除四害”运动具有明显的急躁冒进的时代特征,在一定程度上破坏了人与自然的和谐发展。
The concept of “four pests excluded” first appeared in “Article 17 of Agriculture,” and the original intention was not only to improve people’s health, but also to increase the country’s grain output. Mao Zedong paid great attention to the campaign of “Except Four Injuries”, personally led the propaganda work on the campaign and the revision of the programmatic documents, and added the campaign to “60 working methods”. Under the central government’s attention, the movement “Except for Four Injuries” culminated in the winter of 1957 and the first half of the following year. “Except for Four Pests ” campaign has played an active role in eliminating the spread of infectious diseases such as mosquitoes, flies and mice as well as controlling the spread of infectious diseases and in improving the health of the general public. However, this campaign did not bring about any increase in grain output. The campaign of “Except for Four Pests” has obvious characteristics of impatience and aggressiveness, which to some extent undermined the harmonious development between man and nature.