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2004年的苏门答腊—安达曼M9级地震将俯冲的印度—澳大利亚板块和仰冲的缅甸板块分裂开。这次地震的形变属于三维问题,为此我们构建了有限元模型进行模拟,以说明俯冲板块、弧前、火山弧及弧后的物性分布。同震形变的模拟使用一种基于协议的方法。该方法考虑俯冲带的地质复杂性,使用有限元模型反演估计断层滑动分布。结果表明不考虑俯冲带中物性差异的形变预测的灵敏度比近场GPS的测量误差可大一个数量级还多。本文介绍的基于有限元模型的技术可用于地质上相符的形变模型,提高同震与震后形变、应力耦合及海啸发生的基于模拟技术的评估可靠性。
The Sumatra-Andaman M9 earthquake in 2004 split the subducted Indian-Australian plate and the Yangpu-Burmese plate. The deformation of this earthquake belongs to the three-dimensional problem. For this reason, we constructed a finite element model to simulate the distribution of physical properties of the subducted slab, forearc, volcanic arc and arc. Cochlear deformation simulation uses a protocol-based approach. The method considers the geologic complexity of the subduction zone and uses the finite element model inversion to estimate the fault slip distribution. The results show that the sensitivity of deformation prediction without physical differences in the subduction zone can be more than an order of magnitude greater than the measurement error of near-field GPS. The finite element model-based technique presented in this paper can be applied to geologically consistent deformation models to improve the reliability of simulation-based estimates of co-seismic and post-earthquake deformations, stress coupling and tsunami occurrences.