19世纪后期 ,中国和日本都面临看如何走向近代化的问题 ,在这样的背景下 ,日本出现了福泽谕吉的《劝学篇》 ,中国出现了张之洞的《劝学篇》。前者鼓吹独立自由 ,着日本启蒙之先鞭 ;后者站在封建卫士道的立场 ,为满清王朝服务 ,但受西学的影响 ,鼓吹“中学为体 ,西学为用”。 In the late 19th century, both China and Japan faced the issue of how to move toward modernization. Against this background, there appeared “Encouraging Learning” by Fukuzawa Yukichi and “Encouraging Learning” by Zhang Zhidong in China. The former advocated independence and freedom, with the first instance of Japan’s enlightenment. The latter stood on the guardian’s line and served for the Manchu dynasty. However, under the influence of Western learning, “advocating middle school as a body and Western learning as a task” was advocated.