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用10个油分及不饱和脂肪酸含量差异较大的优良自交系,按(5×5)配成不完全双列杂交组合,研究玉米子粒油分及不饱和脂肪酸性状的遗传效应。结果表明,油分主要受胚、胚乳、细胞质效应的影响;油酸、亚油酸主要受胚、胚乳、母体效应的控制,3个性状均以加性效应占主导地位。α-亚麻酸的胚效应最小,表现为加性效应且遗传率较高。4个性状胚乳、胚的遗传率均较高,且胚乳遗传率大于胚的遗传率。330、素湾1611、ZOL-1可用于提高油分;ZOL-3、ZOL-4、ZOL-5对提高油分和油酸有极显著效果;ZNL-1、330、1072、ZOL-1、ZOL-5可用于提高亚油酸;ZOL-4可作为提高α-亚麻酸的母本;ZOL-1可以同时提高油分、油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸。相关分析表明,油分与油酸极显著正相关(rP=0.612**);油分与亚油酸(rP=-0.504**)、油分与α-亚麻酸极显著负相关(rP=-0.277**),所有成对性状均以胚乳加性相关最强、胚加性相关次之。
Ten elite inbred lines with different oil content and unsaturated fatty acid content were used to study the genetic effects of oil and unsaturated fatty acid traits in maize kernels by using (5 × 5) incomplete diallel cross combinations. The results showed that oil content was mainly affected by embryo, endosperm and cytoplasmic effect. Oleic acid and linoleic acid were mainly controlled by embryo, endosperm and maternal effect, and all three characters were dominated by additive effect. Alpha-linolenic acid has the least embryo effect, showing additive effect and high heritability. The heritabilities of four traits endosperm and embryo are higher, and the heritability of endosperm is greater than the heritability of embryo. 330, ZL-1611, ZOL-1 can be used to increase the oil content; ZOL-3, ZOL-4 and ZOL- 5 can be used to increase linoleic acid; ZOL-4 can be used as a female parent to improve α-linolenic acid; ZOL-1 can simultaneously increase oil, oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between oil content and oleic acid (rP = 0.612 **), oil content and linoleic acid (rP = -0.504 **), oil content and α-linolenic acid (rP = -0.277 * *), All pairs of traits are the strongest endosperm additive, followed by embryo additive.