现代教育心理学奠基人桑代克的“尝试错误说”把人和动物的学习定义为刺激与反应之间的联结。他认为刺激与反应之间联结的形成是通过“盲目试验——逐步减少错误——再尝试”这样一个往复过程习得的。可见,桑代克把学习中出现错误当作是一种必然的过程,认为人正是在纠正形形色色的错误中才获得了真知。因此,在学习过程中,教师应允许学生犯错误,并鼓励学生从错误中进行学习,这 Thomndike, founder of modern educational psychology, “tries to make mistakes” to define human and animal learning as the link between stimuli and responses. He believes that the formation of the link between stimulus and response is through a “blind trial - gradually reduce the error - try again,” a process of learning. It can be seen that Sondeck regards mistakes in his studies as an inevitable process, believing that man is gaining true knowledge in correcting all kinds of mistakes. Therefore, in the learning process, teachers should allow students to make mistakes and encourage students to learn from mistakes.