过度竞争是指由于竞争过分激烈,致使价格低于边际产出的经济现象。改革开放以来,随着国有企业自主权的逐步扩大,市场规制的逐步解除及价格体系的改革,国有企业逐渐成为相对独立的商品生产者和市场主体,特别是乡镇企业的“异军突起”和其他非国有经济的迅速膨胀,商品市场上以买方市场为基础的竞争局面基本形成,与此同时,在某些行业也出现了过度竞争的局面。一.过度竞争的主要特点目前,出现过度竞争局面的主要有纺织、家电、煤炭等行业,主要表现为:生产能力严重过剩,设备闲置现象突出。在纺织工业,初级产品加工能力远远大于市场需求,形成了1000万棉纺锭的过剩能力。在家电行业,冰箱、空调、洗衣机生产能力大大过剩,全国有一半左右的设备处 Over-competition refers to the economic phenomenon that prices are lower than the marginal product due to excessive competition. Since the reform and opening up, with the gradual expansion of the autonomy of state-owned enterprises, the gradual removal of market regulations and the reform of the pricing system, state-owned enterprises have gradually become the relatively independent producers and market players of commodities, especially the “sudden emergence” of township and village enterprises The rapid expansion of other non-state-owned economies and the competitive situation based on the buyer’s market in the commodity market have basically taken shape. In the meantime, over-competition has also emerged in some industries. I. The main features of over-competition At present, there are mainly industries such as textile, household appliances and coal where there is over-competition. The main manifestations are: serious overcapacity and outstanding idle equipment. In the textile industry, the processing capacity of primary products is far greater than the market demand, forming an excess capacity of 10 million cotton spindles. In the appliance industry, refrigerators, air conditioners and washing machines have a lot of excess capacity. About half of the country’s facilities