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自石油禁运发生以后,美国国会通过了一项限制汽车耗油率的标准,被称为轿车协会平均燃油经济性标准(CAFE),其中规定美国1985年生产的轿车,燃油经济性普遍达到11.7km/l(27.5mpg),也就是8.5升/100公里的平均水平,在此以前要逐年减少一定数值。检查标准按环境保护局所订规程,即 EPA 55745燃料经济性规程,其中城市行驶按55%,公路行驶比例占45%,最高车速不超过89km/h。这项汽车燃料经济性要求法规的宣布对美国汽车产业界引起了很大的震动,议论纷纭,意见不一。但能源短缺,供应紧张,要求汽车节约燃油,是大势所趋,无可非议、美国各大汽车公司不得不大力改革,尽快生产为美国用户所能接受的中小型节油轿车。通用汽车公司于1974年4月开始了此类新型轿车的发展工作,经过了4年多的时间,于1979年2月末开始生产,4月19日正式宣布销售80年型新的 X-轿车。该公司发言人宣称,这一新型系列轿车是划时代的产品,作为80年代汽车当之无愧,它们可以完全满足 CAFE 燃油经济性标准的要求,同时汽车的动力性能、车内宽舒性、安静性、操纵性以及排气净化程度都不亚于1979年它们的前身,达到了第一流的水平。全面地了解这一新型轿车的设计、研制、生产情况,特别是它们的设计、研制方法以及采取的枝术措施,对我们可能有参考价值,为此作如下综合介绍。
Since the oil embargo, the U.S. Congress has passed a standard that limits car fuel consumption, known as the Sedan Association Average Fuel Economy Standard (CAFE), which states that sedans manufactured in the United States in 1985 generally achieve fuel economy of 11.7 km / l (27.5mpg), that is, an average of 8.5 liters / 100 kilometers, before it is reduced by a certain amount year by year. Inspection standards EPA regulations set by the EPA 55745 fuel economy regulations, including urban driving by 55%, road traffic accounted for 45% of the maximum speed of not more than 89km / h. The announcement of the statutory requirements for automotive fuel economy caused a great deal of shock to the U.S. auto industry with divergent views and different opinions. However, the shortage of energy and the tight supply have required the automobile to save fuel. This is an irrefutable trend. Undisputedly, the major automobile companies in the United States have to make great efforts to reform so as to produce medium and small-sized fuel-efficient cars that are acceptable to U.S. users. General Motors Corporation started the development of such new cars in April 1974. After more than four years of operation, GM started production in late February 1979 and officially announced the sale of the 80-year-old X-sedan on April 19. A spokesman for the company claimed that this new series of sedans is an epoch-making product deservedly honored as an 80’s car that fully meets CAFE’s fuel economy standards while delivering superior vehicle performance, comfort, quietness and maneuverability As well as the degree of exhaust gas purification are no less than their predecessors in 1979, reached the first-class level. A comprehensive understanding of this new car design, development, production, in particular, their design, development methods and measures taken by the branch, we may have a reference value, for which the following comprehensive introduction.