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目的:从分子水平上研究玄参3种栽培类型的遗传关系和遗传多样性。方法:对玄参3种不同栽培类型的92个单株进行SRAP分析。运用POPGENE version 1.31软件计算相关参数,采用UPGMA聚类法进行聚类分析。结果:①20个SRAP引物共扩增出227条带,其中有119条呈多态性。②玄参3种不同栽培类型的遗传多样性居中等水平。在物种水平上,多态位点百分率PPB=52.42%,平均每个位点的有效等位基因数N_e=1.281 2,Nei’s基因多样性指数H=0.167 1,Shannon’s多样性信息指数H_(sp)=0.252 6。在栽培类型水平上,PPB=21.44%,N_e=1.121 6,H=0.072 5,Shannon’s多样性信息指数H_(pop)= 0.108 3。③Nei’s基因多样性指数计算的栽培类型间遗传分化系数(0.562 5)与Shannon’s栽培类型分化系数(0.571 3)基本一致,均说明大部分遗传变异存在于栽培类型间。④栽培类型间基因流为0.388 9,说明栽培类型间基因流动较少,遗传分化程度较高。⑤两两栽培类型间的Nei’s遗传一致度(I)的范围为0.808 2～0.913 3。根据Nei’s遗传距离进行各类型间的UPGMA聚类,基于SRAP分子标记的聚类结果与形态分类基本一致。结论:栽培玄参的遗传多样性居中等水平,且栽培类型间的遗传差异大于栽培类型内的遗传差异。
Objective: To study the genetic relationship and genetic diversity of three cultivars of Scrophularia ningpoensis at the molecular level. Methods: SRAP analysis was performed on 92 individuals of three different cultivars of Scrophulariaceae. Using POPGENE version 1.31 software to calculate the relevant parameters, using UPGMA clustering method for cluster analysis. RESULTS: A total of 227 bands were amplified with 20 SRAP primers, of which 119 were polymorphic. ② Scrophulariaceae three different types of cultivation of genetic diversity in the middle level. At the species level, the percentage of polymorphic loci PPB was 52.42%, the average number of effective alleles per locus N_e = 1.281 2, Nei’s gene diversity index H = 0.167 1, Shannon’s diversity index H_ (sp) = 0.252 6. At the cultivated type level, PPB = 21.44%, N_e = 1.121 6, H = 0.072 5, Shannon’s diversity index H pop = 0.108 3. ③ The coefficient of genetic differentiation (0.562 5) calculated by Nei’s gene diversity index was basically the same as that of Shannon’s cultivar type (0.571 3), indicating that most of the genetic variations existed among cultivars. ④ Gene flow between cultivars was 0.388 9, indicating that there was less gene flow between cultivars and a higher degree of genetic differentiation. ⑤ The Nei’s genetic identity (I) ranged from 0.808 2 to 0.913 3 for any two cultivars. According to Nei’s genetic distance, UPGMA clustering was performed among all genotypes. The clustering results based on SRAP molecular markers were basically consistent with morphological classification. Conclusion: The genetic diversity of cultivated Scrophulariaceae is at medium level, and the genetic differences among the cultivated types are greater than the genetic differences within the cultivated types.