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在美国法上,与我国“国家赔偿法”功能上类似的是“公共侵权法”(Public Tort Law)制度。美国的联邦法院主要有三种机制实现对公共侵权行为的司法救济。其一,是依据1946年的《联邦侵权索赔法》(Federal Tort Claims Act)~①或其他成文法,由联邦政府承担侵权损害赔偿责任;~②其二,是通过《美国法典》第42章第1983条,~③当州与地方公务人员侵犯公民宪法权利时,由其个人承担侵权损害赔偿责任;其三,是1971年Bivens v.Six Unknown Named Agents of Fed.Bureau of Narcotics案所确立
In the United States Act, similar to the function of our “State Compensation Law”, there is the “Public Tort Law” system. The federal courts in the United States have mainly three mechanisms for judicial relief of public infringement. The first is that the federal government bears the liability for infringement of damages under the Federal Tort Claims Act of 1946, or other statutory laws. Second, it is through the United States Code Chapter 42 1983, ③ When state and local civil servants violated constitutional rights of citizens, they would be liable for infringement damages by their own individuals. Thirdly, they were established by Bivens v.Six Unknown Named Agents of the Fed.Bureau of Narcotics in 1971