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由于外科技术的进展及免疫抑制剂在临床上的成功应用,器官移植从幻想进入现实,为许多终末期致命性疾病提供了有效地治疗,已成为一门新的尖端学科。器官移植的发展与免疫抑制剂的成功应用密切相关。常用的免疫抑制剂有4大类:①化学合成细胞毒类(抗代谢剂和烷化剂),②抗生素类(微生物产生的制剂),③肾上腺糖皮质激素类,④生物制剂类。本文将分别介绍国内外常用的免疫抑制剂。 1 化学合成抗代谢剂和烷化剂以硫唑嘌呤和环磷酰胺为代表的第一代免疫抑制剂,有效地抑制了器官移植术后的排斥反应,明显地延
Due to the progress of surgical techniques and the successful clinical application of immunosuppressants, organ transplantation has become a new cutting-edge subject since the fantasy has come into reality, which has effectively treated many end-stage and fatal diseases. The development of organ transplantation is closely related to the successful application of immunosuppressive agents. There are four types of commonly used immunosuppressants: ① chemical synthesis of cytotoxic (anti-metabolites and alkylating agents), ② antibiotics (microbial agents), ③ glucocorticoid, ④ biological agents. This article will introduce the commonly used immunosuppressants at home and abroad. A chemical synthesis of anti-metabolites and alkylating agents Azathioprine and cyclophosphamide, represented by the first generation of immunosuppressive agents, effectively inhibit the rejection after organ transplantation, was significantly delayed