Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and safety of brucea javanica oil, mitomycin and BCG for preventing postoperative relapse of superficial bladder cancer through perfusion. Methods: From July 2000 to May 2006, 178 patients with primary superficial bladder cancer (Ta-1, G1-2) were divided into three groups after operation in random: 57 pa-tients in group A received perfusion of 60 mL 10% brucea javanica oil, and 66 patients in group B received perfusion of 20 mg mitomycin while 55 patients in group C received perfusion of 120 mg BCG. Eighteen perfusions per patient were carried out regularly a week after operation. Patients were followed up for clinical, analytical and cystoscopic evaluations every 3 months for 2 years. The tumor relapse rates and side effects after treatment were evaluated. Results: The relapse rate was 14.04% (8/57), 34.85% (23/66) and 18.18% (10/55) in group A, B and C respectively. The relapse rate in group A was obviously lower than that in group B (χ2 = 6.17, P < 0.05). Disease free interval in group A was significantly different from that in group B (F = 7.03, P < 0.05). Side effect in group A (12.28%) was observably lower than that in group B (43.94%) and group C (83.64%) (χ2AB = 15.72, P < 0.01; χ2AC = 55.34, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Perfusion of 10% brucea javanica oil after operation is safer and more effective in preventing superficial bladder tumour relapse and worth for popularizing.