目的研究谷氨酰胺(Gln)对早产儿的生长发育、胃肠功能成熟及感染发生率的影响。方法将35例早产儿分为两组,Gln组给予经静脉添加Gln的肠外营养(PN),对照组常规 PN,PN时间均大于2周。监测两组生长发育、喂养耐受情况、胃肠功能及感染发生率。结果 Gln 组生后4周时尿素氮(BUN)水平较对照组高(P=0．044),但仍在正常范围内。平均PN及平均住院时间Gln组均明显短于对照组(P=0．031;P=0．020)。血清胃动素水平Gln组生后2周较生后 3天明显升高(P=0．037);Gln组生后2周较生后3 d胃电节律中节律过快的百分数明显增加 (P=0．017)。Gln组发生感染的次数较对照组明显减少(P=0．001)。结论初步观察提示Gln 有助于早产儿胃肠功能的成熟,减少院内感染的发生。 Objective To investigate the effects of glutamine (Gln) on the growth and development, gastrointestinal maturation and the incidence of infection in premature infants. Methods 35 preterm infants were divided into two groups. The Gln group was given parenteral nutrition (PN) by intravenous injection. The control group received routine PN and PN for more than two weeks. Growth and development, feeding tolerance, gastrointestinal function and incidence of infection in both groups were monitored. Results The level of BUN in Gln group was higher than that in control group at 4 weeks after birth (P = 0.044), but still within the normal range. The average PN and average length of hospital stay Gln group were significantly shorter than the control group (P = 0.031; P = 0.020). Serum motilin levels in Gln group were significantly higher than those in 3 days after birth (P = 0.037). Gln group increased significantly (P <0.05) in 2 weeks after birth than that in 3 days after birth P = 0.017). The number of infections in Gln group was significantly lower than that in control group (P = 0.001). Conclusions Preliminary observations suggest that Gln contributes to the maturation of gastrointestinal function in preterm infants and reduces the incidence of nosocomial infections.