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［题注］美国有极其丰富的本土口头传统，尤其是美洲土著居民（即印第安人）与非裔美国人的传统最令人瞩目。通过巴瑞·托尔肯的这篇文章，我们可以一睹北美第一批原住民口头艺术的风采，在史前时期，这些部落从亚洲北部跨过阿留申群岛的陆桥，在纵贯美洲北部和南部的广大地区定居下来。作者开宗明义地指出，在西方学术传统中形成的文类范畴（例如神话、故事、传说和忆事），并不适用于美洲本土的口头传统（诚然，这种情形不足为奇，而且在世界其它地区的传统中同样可以得到印证──比如非洲浩如烟海、丰富多彩的种种传统）。鉴于强调调将每一种口头表演置于其自身的文化语境中去加以研究的重要性，作者进而探究了口头艺术与仪式之间的关联。此外，基于观察资料，本文还涉及到了幽默的功能，欢乱柞为一种文类的捷出，历矢与现实之问的分界面（这也是目际口头伶炖研允界的一个具有重要意义的课题），意义的层次，以及风格与表欢等闷题。拽肽，相对于早期曾经存在过５００多种独特的语言传统，以及今天从北方的阿拉斯加到南美垃北端的广裹地域来说，在一个单石论文所能合括的尺槽之内，是远远不能详尽地阐达吴洲本土邓权其宏宙的口头艺术的。但是，托尔十的这篇文章，威功开启了一方不无稗丛的听视城，为?
[Caption] The United States has an extremely rich local oral tradition, most notably the tradition of Native Americans (Indians) and African Americans. Through Barry Tolkán’s essay, we can see the first of North America’s first Aboriginal oral art style, in prehistoric times, these tribes across the Aleutian Islands from northern Asia land bridge in the north and the north The vast southern region settled down. The author makes clear that the categories of genres (such as myths, stories, legends and memories) formed in the Western academic tradition do not apply to oral traditions in the Americas (which, of course, is not surprising, and that in the rest of the world The same is true for the region’s traditions - rich and colorful as in Africa.) In the light of the importance of emphasizing the importance of adjusting each oral performance in its own cultural context, the author then explores the link between oral art and rituals. In addition, based on the observation data, this article also deals with the humorous function, which is an important interface between the literary genre and the historical vector and reality Significance of the topic), the level of meaning, as well as style and form boring boring questions. In contrast to the more than 500 unique linguistic traditions that existed in the early days and to the extent of today’s wide-ranging enclaves that range from Alaska in the north to the northern tip of South America, It is far from exhaustively expounding the oral art of Wuzhou’s native Hong Kong. However, Thor’s ten articles, Wei Gong, opened a party not unreasonable to listen to the audience, for?