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为了设计某列车耐撞性车体,实现列车被动安全保护,进行了台车碰撞试验和数值仿真计算,研究了耐撞性车体吸能部件的吸能特性。在台车撞击试验过程中,吸能部件从预期部位开始发生稳定有序的塑性变形,吸收的冲击动能与最大变形量基本成正比关系,说明该部件具有良好的吸能效果。并在此基础上,应用显式动力有限元理论建立了其有限元撞击模型,进行了数值仿真计算。相关性分析结果表明:仿真结果与试验结果基本一致,在整个撞击过程中,撞击力曲线基本吻合,最大撞击力峰值分别为2486·3、2423·1kN,最大变形量误差和初始撞击力峰值误差都小于3%,反弹速度误差小于4%。显然,利用撞击试验验证了数值计算的有效性和可靠性,利用数值计算设计和优化车辆吸能部件是可行的。
In order to design the crashworthiness body of a train and realize the passive safety protection of the train, the crash test and numerical simulation of the train were carried out. The energy absorption characteristics of the crashworthy absorber were studied. During the trolley impact test, the energy-absorbing parts begin to undergo stable and orderly plastic deformation from the expected parts. The impact kinetic energy absorbed is basically proportional to the maximum deformation, indicating that the parts have a good energy absorption effect. Based on this, the finite element impact model of the finite element method is established by using the explicit dynamic finite element theory, and the numerical simulation is carried out. Correlation analysis results show that the simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. The impact force curves are basically the same throughout the impact process, with the maximum impact force peaks of 2486 · 3, 2423 · 1kN, respectively. The maximum deformation error and the initial impact peak force error Less than 3%, the bounce rate error less than 4%. Obviously, the impact test is used to verify the validity and reliability of numerical calculation. It is feasible to use numerical calculation to design and optimize vehicle energy-absorbing components.