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欲望是人类苦难的根源,苦难对于人类的生命与文化具有重要意义。一方面,莫言希望消除人类的苦难,主张欲望的释放,使生命获得更大的价值,另一方面重视苦难的意义,提倡文化对欲望的规约。这一矛盾统一于其对苦难的深刻认识。苦难赋予小说悲壮风格,并促使人类的自我发现;苦难形成的独特文化景观指导人类与苦难的斗争,进而丰富人类的文化,同时苦难作为人类文化的过滤机制,利用人类对苦难的恐惧心理而淘汰文化中的糟粕部分。
Desire is the root cause of human suffering, and suffering is of great significance to human life and culture. On the one hand, Mo Yan hopes to eliminate the suffering of mankind, to advocate the release of desire, and to make life obtain greater value. On the other hand, he pays attention to the meaning of suffering and advocates the stipulation of culture on desire. This contradiction is unified in its profound understanding of suffering. Suffering gives a tragic style to the novel and promotes the self-discovery of mankind. The unique cultural landscape formed by misery guides the struggle between mankind and misery, thereby enriching human culture. At the same time, misery as a filter mechanism of human culture, using mankind’s fear of misery Culture in the dross part.