“五四”前 ,我国文学观念的演变是在现代性的策动下进行的。现代性表现为一种反思、批判的现代意识精神。由于对现代性的不同的接受和外国文艺思潮的多种影响 ,在不同代表人物那里 ,文学观念的现代化也表现得多种多样。有批判封建王朝 ,改以“国民”为主导的政教型文学观 ;有一反政教型传统、视文学为满足人生欲望的一种解脱、提出并区分“自律”和“他律”的游戏说的纯文学观 ;有引进“审美”、在审美中描绘人生的文学观 ;有主张发挥文学的斗争精神 ,又视文学功能为“不用之用”的文学观 ;有将文学的娱乐作用发挥到极致的休闲文学观。这些文学观念 ,都谈“人生” ,实则具有不同的含义 ,显示了现代性的不同取向和不同方面 ,并给文学研究带进了一大批新的现代学术话语 ,成为我国现代文论传统的组成部分 ,直到今天仍被我们所使用。 Before the May 4th Movement, the evolution of Chinese literary concepts was carried out under the motivation of modernity. Modernity manifests itself as a kind of reflective and critical spirit of modern consciousness. Due to the different acceptance of modernity and the multiple influences of foreign literary and artistic trends, the modernization of literary concepts also varies in different representatives. There are criticisms of the feudal dynasties and the change of the “national” as the dominant view of the political and religious literature; there is a tradition of anti-secularism, literary and literary in order to satisfy the desire of life a kind of liberation, put forward and distinguish between “self-discipline” and “other disciplines” The concept of pure literature; the introduction of “aesthetics” in the aesthetic description of life, literature; advocate the fight to play the spirit of literature, but also the literary function as “useless” view of literature; have the entertainment of literature to the extreme Leisure literature. These literary concepts all talk about “life,” but they actually have different meanings, showing different orientations and different aspects of modernity. They have brought a large number of new modern academic discourses into the study of literature and become the tradition of modern Chinese literary traditions Part, which we still use today.