在1846年前后,马克思著作中出现了一个断裂。在青年马克思那里,社会的主要特色被从人的异化方面来解释;在成熟马克思那里,中心论点是历史唯物主义。本文对成熟时期马克思异化观的讨论不是直接引向青年马克思,而是要指出,第一,商品拜物教成了取代异化的合法观念,在这里,诸学者对商品拜物教的观点得到了分析与比较;第二,通过资本的劳动支配和多方面的人的观念可以被当作是基于历史唯物主义对资本进行分析的部分。 Around 1846, a break occurred in Marx’s writings. In the case of the young Marx, the main features of society are explained in terms of human alienation; in mature Marxism, the central argument is historical materialism. However, it is pointed out that firstly, the commodity fetishism has become the legal concept of substituting alienation. Here, the scholars have analyzed and compared the viewpoint of commodity fetishism. In this article, Marx’s alienation of the mature period is not directly led to the young Marx. Second, the labor-dominated and multi-faceted human ideas through capital can be viewed as part of an analysis of capital based on historical materialism.