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宋代推行右文政策,不断完善科举取士制度,使科举取士成为选拔官员的主流渠道。在这样的时代环境下,特赐第的存在尤为引人关注。特赐第,顾名思义,是指不经过科考正途,直接由皇帝赐予科第。它是相对于正式考试取得科第的正赐第而言,是科举考试制度的一种补充形式。后世学者对此现象有不同的称呼与阐释,在对特赐第的界定上也存在各种问题。本文试图从追溯特赐第的历史渊源入手,进一步对其定义、内涵、范围作一个明确的界定。
In the Song Dynasty, the right-wing policy was implemented and the system of selecting and abolishing the imperial examination system was continuously improved so that the imperial examination system became the mainstream channel for selecting officials. In such an era, the existence of special gift is of particular concern. Special thanks to the first name, as the name suggests, refers to the right path without examination, the emperor awarded section directly. It is relative to the official examination to obtain the first section of the section is the imperial examination system as a supplementary form. Later scholars have different names and explanations of this phenomenon, and there are also various problems in the definition of special gift. This paper attempts to start from the history of tracing the special gift of the first, to further define its meaning, scope and scope for a clear definition.