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为探讨灰飞虱为害对水稻叶片的防御酶及细胞结构的影响,利用透射电镜观察了灰飞虱取食不同时间后叶片细胞超微结构的变化并测定了防御酶的活性。灰飞虱为害后,透射电子显微镜观察显示,随着灰飞虱取食时间延长,感虫水稻‘Kittake’的叶片细胞逐渐出现质壁分离,叶绿体发育异常,结构趋于模糊,72h后叶绿体膜破裂,叶绿体基粒片层完全溶解或断裂;抗虫品种‘Mudgo’叶绿体结构完整,基粒及片层结构完好,抗虫水稻的厚壁组织细胞内聚集了大量电子致密物,细胞内结晶状物质可能为酚类化合物。抗感水稻植株体内的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性随灰飞虱取食时间延长而显著升高,多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性则表现出先上升后下降的趋势,且‘Mudgo’中的3种防御酶活性明显高于‘Kittake’的,表明3种酶的活性均受灰飞虱为害诱导升高,但‘Mudgo’中3种酶活性上升的速度和幅度均高于‘Kittake’。
In order to investigate the effects of Laodelphax striatellus (Walker) on the defense enzymes and cell structure of rice leaves, the changes of ultrastructure of leaf cells of Laodelphax striatellus (Homoptera: Delphacidae) feeding in different time were observed by transmission electron microscopy and the activities of defensive enzymes were determined. After the Laodelphax striatellus was damaged by transmission electron microscopy, the leaf cells of the susceptible rice ’Kittake’ gradually appeared plasmolysis with abnormal development of chloroplasts and the structure tended to be fuzzy. With the prolonged larva feeding, the chloroplast membrane And the chloroplast grana lamellae completely dissolved or broken. The chloroplast of ’Mudgo’ was intact, the structure of grana and lamella was intact, and a large amount of electron-dense matter accumulated in the thick-walled cells of insect-resistant rice. The intracellular crystal The substance may be a phenolic compound. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) in resistant rice plants were significantly increased with the prolonged feeding of L. striatellus, and the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) Increased and then decreased, and the activities of three defense enzymes in ’Mudgo’ were significantly higher than that of ’Kittake’, indicating that the activities of the three enzymes were all induced by SBPH infestation. However, the activity of the three enzymes in ’Mudgo’ Rising faster and faster than ’Kittake’.