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树状结构具有造型新颖、受力合理的特点,因而在工程中得到广泛应用。作为一种复杂的空间刚架体系,构件布置方式的确定(即找形分析)是树状结构设计中重要的环节。构件布置合理与否将直接影响树状结构的工作性能。基于形效结构的概念,通过分析树状结构的几何特点和受力特点,提出了一种树状结构的找形新方法———逆吊递推找形法。该方法的基本思路是,根据各级树枝所支承的屋面区域找到相应的受荷中心,依次令各级树枝指向其分担的屋面受荷中心,通过逐级递推建立树状结构的几何形态。在此基础上,明确了逆吊递推找形法的具体实施步骤和需要注意的问题。最后结合一树状结构工程实例,介绍了逆吊递推找形法的实际应用过程。研究结果表明:采用逆吊递推找形法生成的树状结构的所有构件均只受轴力作用,属形效结构。
Tree structure has a novel shape, reasonable force characteristics, which are widely used in engineering. As a kind of complex space rigid frame system, the determination of the arrangement of components (that is, the form-finding analysis) is an important link in the design of tree structure. The rational arrangement of components will directly affect the performance of tree structure. Based on the concept of structure-efficient structure, a new method of finding the shape of tree-like structure is proposed based on the geometric characteristics and stress characteristics of tree structure. The basic idea of this method is to find the corresponding load center according to the roof area supported by the branches at all levels, and then make the branches at all levels point to the load-bearing center of the roof which they share and rebuild the tree structure geometry by level by level. On this basis, the specific implementation steps and problems that need to be noticed are clearly defined. In the end, a practical example of a tree structure engineering is introduced. The results show that all the components of the dendritic structure generated by the inverse recuperation find only the axial force, which belongs to the effective structure.