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作为民国时期存续时间较长的中央政权,南京国民政府在成立初期,受李斯特经济学说的影响,推行了保护主义的经济政策,力图实现关税自主,并积极扶植幼稚工业。抗战爆发后,战争形成了天然的保护,使国统区的战略产业能有较大发展,而国民政府也采取了一定的扶助措施。战后,出于对美国的依赖,国民政府被迫转向自由贸易政策,与美国签订了全面开放的商约,使中国成为战后最早践行自由贸易的国家之一,但由此带来产业的大溃败,并加速了政权的垮台。这一历史教训深刻地说明保护主义对于后发展国家的必要性,以及主导经济学说的选择对于国家命运有深远的影响。
As a long-standing central government in the Republic of China, the Nanjing National Government promoted the economic policy of protectionism under the influence of Liszteh’s economic theory in the early days of its establishment and sought to achieve tariff autonomy and actively promote the development of infant industries. After the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan, the war formed a natural protection that enabled the development of the strategic industries in the Kuomintang area to have greater development, and the Kuomintang government also took certain measures to help it. After the war, out of its reliance on the United States, the national government was forced to turn to free trade policy and signed a comprehensive open treaty with the United States, making China one of the earliest post-war countries practicing free trade. However, the industry The defeat and accelerated the collapse of the regime. This historical lesson profoundly illustrates the necessity of protectionism for post-development countries and the choice of leading economic theory to have a profound impact on the fate of the country.