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一、森林火灾及其预防对策简述森林是人类的宝贵资源,在破坏森林的诸因素中以森林火灾最为严重。目前,全世界平均每年发生森林火灾20多万次,烧毁森林面积约占世界现有森林的1/1000。我国自建国以来,平均每年发生森林火灾1.6万次,烧林面积100多万公顷,相当于每年造林面积的1/3,约占现有森林面积的0.8%。1987年5月,大兴安岭发生的特大森林火灾,过火有林地和疏林地面积114万公顷,过火森林蓄积8,025万立方米,其中烧死蓄积3,960万立方米,损失十分惨重。
I. Introduction to Forest Fires and Their Preventive Measures Forest is a precious resource for human beings. Forest fires are the most serious among the factors that destroy forests. At present, on average, more than 200,000 forest fires occur each year in the world and the burned forest area accounts for about 1/1000 of the existing forest in the world. Since the founding of our country, an average of 16,000 forest fires have occurred each year. The area for burning forests is over 1 million hectares, equivalent to 1/3 of the annual afforestation area, accounting for about 0.8% of the existing forest area. In May 1987, the huge forest fire in Daxinganling had an area of 1.14 million hectares of woodland and sparse forest overheated, and 80.25 million cubic meters of over-heated forest, of which 39.6 million cubic meters were burnt to death. The loss was very heavy.