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知母(Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.)是一种常用中药,本文介绍从秋季采集的新鲜西陵知母根茎中,分离得到知母皂甙元、知母皂甙A与B,知母黄酮和知母甾醇。经理化鉴定与光谱分析,确认知母皂甙元为萨尔萨皂甙元,知母皂甙A为萨尔萨皂甙元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基(1→2)-O-β-D-半乳糖甙,与文献报道的知母皂甙AⅢ一致,知母皂甙B可能为一新皂甙,其化学结构为在知母皂甙A分子上再连接两分子葡萄糖。知母黄酮为芒果甙,知母甾醇为B-谷甾醇。皂甙B与β谷甾醇为首次从知母中分离得到。
Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, this article describes the fresh Xiling Rhizoma Anemarrhena collected from the autumn, isolated timosaponin, timosaponin A and B, Zhimu flavonoids and stigmasterol. Managerial identification and spectroscopic analysis confirmed that timosaponin is salsa saponin and timosaponin A is salsa saponin-3-O-β-D-glucose (1→2)-O-β- D-galactosidase, consistent with reported in the literature timosaponin AIII, timosaponin B may be a new saponin, the chemical structure of timosaponin A molecule connected to two molecules of glucose. Zhimu flavonoids are mango glycosides, and jasmigolol is B-sitosterol. Saponin B and β-sitosterol were isolated for the first time from Anemarrhenae.