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运行中的混流式水轮机内,因尾水管压力脉动引起的高负载失稳问题可能引发非常糟的意外事故,并导致运行范围受限。虽然有方法缓解,但设计阶段改变设计,识别失稳风险,显然更为可取。本文给出了对水力系统仿真的观察(包括满负载涡流下),并对现在常用仿真的不足之处进行了讨论。对失稳风险大大超过预计的几个改造项目(其中古里Ⅱ电站改造项目已成功于2011年4月投入运行),改造后无任何高负载不稳定的迹象。此外,本文还阐述了一个经修改的模型,证明改造后可获得更实际的收益。虽然仍需要研究,但改进模型的主要部件已通过其他改造项目得到了验证。
In run-in Francis turbines, high load instability due to draft pressure pulsations can cause very bad accidents and lead to limited operating ranges. Although there are ways to mitigate, it is obviously preferable to change the design during the design phase to identify the risk of destabilization. This article gives an overview of the hydraulic system simulation (including full load vortex), and discusses the shortcomings of the commonly used simulations. The risks of instability are significantly higher than the expected number of retrofit projects (of which the Guerli II Power Station retrofit project has been successfully put into operation in April 2011) and there is no sign of any instability of high load after the retrofit. In addition, this article also describes a modified model to prove that after the transformation can be more practical benefits. Although research is still needed, the main components of the improved model have been validated by other retrofit projects.