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危险化学品在储运过程中发生泄漏扩散后会引起中毒、火灾、爆炸等灾害,其理化性质和特殊的扩散规律是决定事故灾害大小的主要因素。准确认识危险化学品泄漏扩散规律是制定应急救援预案和安全监管措施的基础。在实验室对油库罐区的重质危险化学品在不同泄漏位置和不同泄漏方向条件下的泄漏扩散过程进行模拟实验,结果表明:当罐组中心的罐发生泄漏时,气体容易在罐区聚集,扩散速度较慢;当罐组边缘的罐发生泄漏时,气体的扩散速度较快,影响范围大;泄漏方向为垂直向上或垂直向下时,气体容易在泄漏口周围的罐区聚集,其气体体积分数很快达到爆炸极限,危险性大。该研究结果可为制定危险化学品罐区应急救援预案提供参考。
Hazardous chemicals can cause poisoning, fire, explosion and other disasters when they leak during storage and transportation. The physical and chemical properties and special rules of diffusion are the main factors that determine the magnitude of an accident disaster. An accurate understanding of the law of leakage and spread of dangerous chemicals is the basis for formulating emergency rescue plans and safety supervision measures. In the laboratory, the simulation experiments on the process of leakage and diffusion of heavy hazardous chemicals in oil depots and tank areas under different leakage locations and different leakage directions show that when the tank in the center of the tank group leaks, gas easily accumulates in the tank area , The diffusion rate is slower; when the tank at the edge of the tank group leak occurs, the gas diffusion rate is faster, the impact of a large range; leak direction is vertical upward or vertical downward, the gas easily in the leakage around the tank area aggregation, its Gas volume fraction reached the limit of explosion quickly, dangerous. The results of this study may provide a reference for formulating the emergency rescue plan for the tanker of hazardous chemicals.