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本文通过对金河兴安落叶松典型样地进行调查,分析了兴安落叶松群落树种组成结构,并采用方差(v)/均值(m)方法研究其种群分布格局,选取物种丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数等指标,揭示其物种多样性的分布规律。结果表明:(1)3块样地均以兴安落叶松为主,并伴生少量白桦,样地Ⅱ还伴生有少量樟子松。3块样地的林分密度分别为:样地Ⅲ(1 350株/hm~2)>样地Ⅱ(1 330株/hm~2)>样地Ⅰ(840株/hm~2);(2)样地Ⅰ的兴安落叶松种群格局为随机分布,样地Ⅱ和样地Ⅲ均为聚集分布;(3)样地物种多样性指数(D和H′)和丰富度指数(S)均表现为:样地Ⅱ>样地Ⅰ>样地Ⅲ。均匀度指数Pielou指数(Jsw)和Pielou指数(Jsi)表现为:样地Ⅱ>样地Ⅲ>样地Ⅰ,Alatalo指数(Ea)为:样地Ⅱ>样地Ⅰ>样地Ⅲ。在群落垂直结构上,3个样地的丰富度指数(S)及样地Ⅰ、样地Ⅱ的多样性指数(D和H′)均为草本层>灌木层>乔木层,而三个样地的均匀度指数规律差异较大。
In this paper, we investigated the typical tree species of Larix gmelinii in Jinhe, analyzed the tree species composition of Larix gmelinii community and studied its distribution pattern by variance (v) / mean (m) method. Species richness index, Index, evenness index and other indicators to reveal the distribution of species diversity. The results showed that: (1) Larix gmelinii was the dominant species in the three plots, with a small amount of Betula platyphylla accompanied by a small amount of Betula platyphylla. The stand densities of the three plots were as follows: plot III (1 350 plants / hm 2)> plot II (1 330 plants / hm 2)> plot I (840 plants / hm 2) 2) The population structure of Larix gmelinii in sample Ⅰ was random distribution, and sample Ⅱ and sample Ⅲ were aggregated distribution. (3) Species diversity index (D and H ’) and abundance index (S) The results are as follows: Sample Ⅱ> Sample Ⅰ> Sample Ⅲ. The Pielou index and Jielis index of the evenness index showed as follows: plot Ⅱ> plot Ⅲ> plot Ⅰ, and Alatalo index (Ea): plot Ⅱ> plot Ⅰ> plot Ⅲ. In the vertical structure of community, the richness index (S), diversity index (D and H ’) of three plots were Herb layer> shrub layer> arbor layer, while the three samples The law of evenness of the land varies greatly.