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鼠疫是一种非常危險的急性傳染病。人一得上这种病,如果不及时治疗,大多六、七天就会死亡,快的只有几小时就死了。它的病原是一种鼠疫细菌。这种細菌主要是儲存在鼠类的体內,在鼠类之間互相傳播;有时也感染人类或者其他动物(猫、駱駝)等。鼠疫菌为日本学者北里、法国学者耶辛在1894年發現的。这种細菌很小,在显微鏡下,我們看到它象一根粗短的棍子,兩头鈍圓。鼠疫細菌适应外界环境的能力很差。在日光下它只能活兩、三个小时。它适宜生長在攝氏28到30度的溫度下。它不怕冷,在零度的尸体上能生存6个月;在病人的排洩物中,由于蛋白和粘液的复盖可以生存几个星期。鼠疫菌不耐高溫,在攝氏50度,只能活30分鐘;在70
Plague is a very dangerous acute infectious disease. If people are caught up with this disease, most of them will die six to seven days if they are not treated promptly. Its pathogen is a kind of plague bacteria. This kind of bacteria is mainly stored in the body of rats and spreads among rodents; sometimes it also infects humans or other animals (cats, camels, etc.). The plague pest was discovered by Japanese scholar Bei Li and French scholar Ye Xin in 1894. This kind of bacteria is very small. Under the microscope, we see it like a stubby stick with two obtuse circles. The ability of plague bacteria to adapt to the external environment is poor. It can only live two or three hours in daylight. It is suitable for growth at temperatures between 28 and 30 degrees Celsius. It is not afraid of cold and can survive for 6 months on a zero-degree body; in patients’ excrement, protein and mucus coverage can survive for several weeks. Y. pestis is not tolerant to high temperatures and can only live for 30 minutes at 50 degrees Celsius; at 70