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伴随矿产开发,大多数资源丰裕国家或区域出现资源耗损、生态环境破坏等问题,以及经济增长波动、反工业化、寻租等“资源诅咒”现象,困扰着资源开发区域的经济发展。究其原因,矿产开发不同于一般产品的生产:矿产资源不同于资本、劳动力等诸要素,表现出稀缺性与可耗竭性;开发过程中伴随显著的外部性、风险性与资产专用性;矿产品的低供给弹性决定了矿产品价格的强波动性。矿产开发特殊性决定了其收益分配机制的特殊性:资源租金与生产成本共同构成私人成本,安全投入、生态环境与资产专用性补偿形成矿产开发的社会成本,调控价格与收益波动需要设立稳定基金。收益分配制度的缺失或缺位,会引发区域发展的非持续。为避免资源丰裕国家或区域出现“资源诅咒”现象等,宜建立私人成本—社会成本—稳定基金三级收益分配机制。
With the development of mineral resources, most resource-rich countries or regions suffer from resource depletion and ecological environment destruction, as well as economic curse such as fluctuations in economic growth, anti-industrialization and rent-seeking, which plague the economic development of resource-exploiting regions. The reason is that mineral development is different from the production of general products: mineral resources are different from capital, labor and other factors, showing scarcity and exhaustible; accompanied by significant externalities, risks and asset-specific in the development process; The low supply elasticity of the product determines the strong volatility of the mineral product price. The particularity of mineral development determines the peculiarities of its income distribution mechanism: resource rent and production cost together constitute private cost, safety investment, ecological environment and asset-specific compensation form the social cost of mineral development, and regulation of price and return volatility requires the establishment of a stable fund . The absence or absence of income distribution system will lead to the non-sustained development of the region. In order to avoid “resource curse ” phenomenon in countries or regions with abundant resources, private costs should be established - social costs - the third-level income distribution mechanism for stabilizing funds.