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不久前,苏联新成立的“言论自由”俱乐部成员同苏联科学院哲学研究所的一些专家,以《马克思主义死亡了吗?》为题,就如何对待马克思主义的问题进行了讨论。苏联《哲学问题》杂志1990年第10期发表了学者们在这次讨论会上的发言。本文介绍的是苏联科学院自然科学和技术史研究所哲学博士B·凯列发言的主要内容。凯列接受民主的人道的社会主义的选择,认为马克思主义没有死亡,它是活生生的,而且还因改革而不断获得新的生命力;马克思所论述的未来社会是“现实人道主义”的社会,这种共产主义理想是可以实现的;改革要拒绝的不是社会主义,而是社会主义的冒牌货——斯大林的社会主义,斯大林的全部神话都是在不具备社会主义物质条件的基础上建设社会主义的结果。凯列的观点在今日苏联的马克思主义“主流”学派中有一定的代表性,值得我们重视和研究。
Not long ago, members of the newly formed “freedom of speech ” club in the Soviet Union held discussions with some experts from the Institute of Philosophy of the Soviet Academy of Sciences on the issue of how to treat Marxism under the title of “death of Marxism?” Soviet philosophical issues magazine No. 10 in 1990 published scholarly speech at the seminar. This article presents the keynote address by B. Kelley, Ph.D., Institute of History of Natural Science and Technology, Soviet Academy of Sciences. Kaili accepted the democratic and humane choice of socialism and believed that Marxism did not die, that it was living and that it continuously gained new vitality through the reform. The future society Marx discussed was a society of “realistic humanitarianism.” This communist ideal can be achieved; it is not socialism but socialistic imperialism that is being rejected by the reform - Stalin's socialism. All Stalin's myths are based on the lack of material conditions for socialism The result of socialism. Kereley's viewpoints have some representation in today's Soviet Marxist “mainstream” schools and deserve our attention and study.