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閱读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（一）
Chinese New Year， also 1 （know）as Spring Festival in China， is China’s most important traditional festival. It is also the most important celebration for families， and a week of official public holiday.
2 there are many interesting legends（传说）and stories 3 （explain）the start of the Chinese New Year festival， the main reason 4 the festival is to celebrate a year of hard work， have a good rest， and relax with family.
Chinese people believe that a good start to the year will lead to a lucky year. Chinese 5 （tradition） celebrated the start of a new year of farm work， and wished for 6 good harvest. This has now developed into celebrating the start of a new business year and wishing for profits and success in 7 （vary） vocations.
Chinese New Year is a time for families to be together. Wherever they are， people will come home 8 （celebrate） the festival with their families.
The New Year’s Eve dinner 9 （call）“reunion dinner”， and is believed to be the most important meal of the year. Big 10 （family）of several generations sit around round tables and enjoy the food and time together.
（二）
Tea is 1 important part of Chinese tradition. As Chinese society developed and progressed， tea 2 （produce） has played a role in driving economic （经济的） development while tea consumption has remained a practice of daily life.
The history of Chinese tea is a long and gradual story of refinement. Generations of 3 （grow） and producers have perfected the Chinese way of manufacturing tea， and 4 （it） unique regional varieties.
The original idea is owe to the legendary （传说的） Emperor Shennong， 5 is said to have lived 5 000 years ago. A story goes that， one summer day， while 6 （visit） a distant part of his country， he and the court stopped to rest. In accordance with his ruling， the servants began to boil water for the court to drink. 7 （dry） leaves from a nearby bush fell into the boiling water， and a brown substance was infused （浸） into the water. 8 a scientist， the Emperor was interested in the new liquid， 9 （drink） some， and found it very refreshing. And so， according to the legend， tea 10 （create） in 2737 BC.
（三）
Chinese paper cutting has a long history. The 1 （early） paper cutting in China dated back to 1，500 years ago. However， this traditional art is at risk of 2 （disappear） now. 3 （luck）， Voyo Woo， a Chinese immigrant in America， is trying to bring it back to life. One Saturday in 2014， she 4 （hold） a paper cutting show in Washington. She hoped more people would enjoy the art of paper cutting.
Ms. Woo began to study the art of paper cutting as a 14-year-old girl in her hometown in China. She had a strong passion （热情） for it. Later， she won the 5 （two） prize in a national painting and art competition. She went to America after she finished college in 2008. After that， she took part in an activity 6 （promote） Chinese paper cutting. And then she 7 （invite） to show the art in many important activities. “It is important to promote this art to Americans or anyone 8 is interested in it.” Woo said.
From the art of paper cutting， people can know about Chinese cultural values， history and 9 （story） of people’s life. Ms. Woo uses the art 10 a tool to show Chinese culture to people in other counties.
（四）
Recently， Pinyin 1 （become） vital to the use of Chinese characters on computer keyboards and cellphones.
Pinyin was not designed 2 （replace） the traditional characters， but to act 3 a supplemental script（文字體系） to bridge the gap. “It has helped students to learn putonghua， the 4 （nation）standard language. Before， I met two Cantonese in foreign countries 5 couldn’t communicate— I had to speak English to 6 （they），” Zhou Youguang told The Guardian in 2008. “Without an alphabet you had to learn mouth to mouth， ear to ear. It’s a bridge to speech between Chinese people.”
Before turning to the study of language， Zhou 7 （educate） as an economist（经济学家）. As the Chinese government aimed to improve the 8 （able） to read and write throughout the country， he was drafted to lead the committee in developing an alphabetic system in 1955.
“I said I was 9 amateur， layman（门外汉）， I couldn’t do the job，” Zhou， 10 also contributed to the translation of the Encyclopedia Britannica， told NPR in 2011. “But they said， it’s a new job， everybody is an amateur. Everybody urged me to change professions， so I did. So from 1955， I abandoned economics and started studying writing systems.”
（五）
The Yellow River is the “mother river of China”. Its basin was the center of Chinese politics， economy （经济） and culture for over 2，000 years. It is the second-longest river in China and sixth 1 （long） in the world.
Chinese 2 （general） agree that the Yellow River Basin was the cradle（摇篮） of Chinese Civilization. A great amount of information proves that the Yellow River 3 （be） the most prosperous（繁盛的） region in early Chinese history. The Yellow River is not just 4 river of China， but also the symbol of the Chinese spirit. For thousands of years， the Yellow River has been admired by many great 5 （poet）， artists， and common people. Many poems and songs sing the spirit of Yellow River and Chinese people， Defend the Yellow River （保卫黄河）， and Ode to The Yellow River （黄河颂） 6 （include）.
The Yellow River is the most important water resource（资源）for the dry north of China， 7 （play） an irreplaceable role 8 economic development， and agriculture. Since 1960 over 14 dams 9 （construct） on the river for water power， 10 is vital to northern China’s infrastructure （基础设施）.
答案与解析
（一）本文主要介绍了中国最重要的一个传统节日——春节。人们在这一天和亲人们团聚共同庆祝这个节日。
1. known 因主语Chinese New Year与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。
2. Although/Though 前句与后句之间的关系为转折关系，故用Although/Though引导让步状语从句。
3. explaining 因为句中的legends and stories与explain为主动关系，故用现在分词。
4. for 因the reason for sth. （……的原因）是固定搭配。
5. traditionally 修饰动词celebrated用副词。
6. a 句意为“人们盼望一个好的收成”，表示“一个”用不定冠词。
7. various 修饰名词vocations，用形容词various。
8. to celebrate 作目的状语，用动词不定式to celebrate。
9. is called 主语The New Year’s Eve dinner与谓语动词call之间为被动关系，应用被动态；由与之并列的is believed可知，应用一般现在时，故填is called。
10. families 谓语动词是sit，根据主谓一致原则可知，主语也应是复数。
（二）本文介绍了中国茶叶的历史，神农在一次非常偶然的情况下发现了茶叶，从而开启了中国茶文化。
1. an 本句意为“茶是中国传统中非常重要的一部分”，表示“一”用不定冠词；又因important以元音音素开始，故填an。
2. production 空格处在句中充当主语，故用produce的名词形式，表示“生产”，为不可数名词。
3. growers 由and producers可知，意思是“几代的种植者及制造商们”，表示“种植者”用growers，注意要用复数形式。
4. its 在名词varieties前作定语用形容词性物主代词。
5. who 引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词为Emperor Shennong，用关系代词who。
6. visiting 因主句主语he与visit之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
7. Dried 表示“干枯的”叶子，用过去分词作定语。
8. As 句意为“作为一名科学家，神农对这种新的液体很感兴趣”，表示“作为”用as。
9. drank 因与was interested和found并列， 三个并列的谓语动词应时态一致，都用一般过去时，故填drank。
10. was created 因tea与create之间为被动关系，故要用被动语态；而in 2737BC是表示过去的时间状语，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
（三）本文主要讲述了中国的传统剪纸艺术文化，以及一位中国移民Voyo Woo在美国传播这种文化。
1. earliest 空格前有定冠詞the，而且根据上下文的意思可知此处讲述的是中国“最早的”剪纸是追溯到1500年，因此用形容词最高级。
2. disappearing 在介词（of）后作宾语的动词通常要用动名词。
3. Luckily 放在句首作状语，要用副词形式，表示“幸运地”。
4. held 由in 2014可知用一般过去时，且she与hold是主动关系，故填held。
5. second 意思是她获得了二等奖，故用序数词。
6. to promote 不定式作定语。
7. was invited 因she与invite是被动关系，应用被动语态；叙述过去的经历用一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
8. who 引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是anyone，故用关系代词who。
9. stories 指“人们的生活故事”，根据常识生活故事不止一个，故用复数形式。 10. as 意思是“作为”向其他国家的人展示中华文化的工具，故填介词as。
（四）本文是拼音之父周有光在接受采访时的一部分讲话并体现出了拼音在汉语运用中的重要性。
1. has become 由recently可知用现在完成时。
2. to replace 表示目的用动词不定式。
3. as 因act/work/ function/ serve as为固定搭配， 译为“充当，担任”。
4. national 名词前作定语要用形容词。
5. and 连接两个并列的谓语动词，两个动词的动作先后发生，用and。
6. them 指代上文提到的two Cantonese，作介词to的宾语，用them。
7. was educated 因主语Zhou与educate是被动关系，又发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
8. ability 作宾语且前面有定冠词，要用名词。
9. an 因amateur（业余爱好者）是单数可数名词，表示职业或身份的单数可数名词前通常用不定冠词，而amateur又以元音开头，故填an。
10. who 引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是Zhou，故用who。
（五）本文介绍了中国母亲河——黄河。黄河流域是中华文明的摇篮，哺育了中华儿女，是中国最重要的河流之一。
1. longest 表示“第几长、大、高”等用最高级。
2. generally 修饰动词agree，用副词，表示中国人普遍认为。
3. was 由in early Chinese history 可知用一般過去时，主语the Yellow River是单数，故填was。
4. a 句意为“黄河不仅是中国的一条河，还是中国精神的象征”，表示”一条河流”，用不定冠词a。
5. poets 因受many修饰，故要用复数形式，并与artists，common people并列。
6. included 两首歌与include之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。
7. playing 因主语The Yellow River与play之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
8. in 因play a role in sth. （在……方面起作用）为固定搭配。
9. have been constructed 由Since 1960可知，用现在完成时态，而主语dams与construct是被动关系，故用被动语态。
10. which 引导非限制性定语从句并在定语从句中作主语，先行词是14 dams。
责任编辑 蒋小青
（一）
Chinese New Year， also 1 （know）as Spring Festival in China， is China’s most important traditional festival. It is also the most important celebration for families， and a week of official public holiday.
2 there are many interesting legends（传说）and stories 3 （explain）the start of the Chinese New Year festival， the main reason 4 the festival is to celebrate a year of hard work， have a good rest， and relax with family.
Chinese people believe that a good start to the year will lead to a lucky year. Chinese 5 （tradition） celebrated the start of a new year of farm work， and wished for 6 good harvest. This has now developed into celebrating the start of a new business year and wishing for profits and success in 7 （vary） vocations.
Chinese New Year is a time for families to be together. Wherever they are， people will come home 8 （celebrate） the festival with their families.
The New Year’s Eve dinner 9 （call）“reunion dinner”， and is believed to be the most important meal of the year. Big 10 （family）of several generations sit around round tables and enjoy the food and time together.
（二）
Tea is 1 important part of Chinese tradition. As Chinese society developed and progressed， tea 2 （produce） has played a role in driving economic （经济的） development while tea consumption has remained a practice of daily life.
The history of Chinese tea is a long and gradual story of refinement. Generations of 3 （grow） and producers have perfected the Chinese way of manufacturing tea， and 4 （it） unique regional varieties.
The original idea is owe to the legendary （传说的） Emperor Shennong， 5 is said to have lived 5 000 years ago. A story goes that， one summer day， while 6 （visit） a distant part of his country， he and the court stopped to rest. In accordance with his ruling， the servants began to boil water for the court to drink. 7 （dry） leaves from a nearby bush fell into the boiling water， and a brown substance was infused （浸） into the water. 8 a scientist， the Emperor was interested in the new liquid， 9 （drink） some， and found it very refreshing. And so， according to the legend， tea 10 （create） in 2737 BC.
（三）
Chinese paper cutting has a long history. The 1 （early） paper cutting in China dated back to 1，500 years ago. However， this traditional art is at risk of 2 （disappear） now. 3 （luck）， Voyo Woo， a Chinese immigrant in America， is trying to bring it back to life. One Saturday in 2014， she 4 （hold） a paper cutting show in Washington. She hoped more people would enjoy the art of paper cutting.
Ms. Woo began to study the art of paper cutting as a 14-year-old girl in her hometown in China. She had a strong passion （热情） for it. Later， she won the 5 （two） prize in a national painting and art competition. She went to America after she finished college in 2008. After that， she took part in an activity 6 （promote） Chinese paper cutting. And then she 7 （invite） to show the art in many important activities. “It is important to promote this art to Americans or anyone 8 is interested in it.” Woo said.
From the art of paper cutting， people can know about Chinese cultural values， history and 9 （story） of people’s life. Ms. Woo uses the art 10 a tool to show Chinese culture to people in other counties.
（四）
Recently， Pinyin 1 （become） vital to the use of Chinese characters on computer keyboards and cellphones.
Pinyin was not designed 2 （replace） the traditional characters， but to act 3 a supplemental script（文字體系） to bridge the gap. “It has helped students to learn putonghua， the 4 （nation）standard language. Before， I met two Cantonese in foreign countries 5 couldn’t communicate— I had to speak English to 6 （they），” Zhou Youguang told The Guardian in 2008. “Without an alphabet you had to learn mouth to mouth， ear to ear. It’s a bridge to speech between Chinese people.”
Before turning to the study of language， Zhou 7 （educate） as an economist（经济学家）. As the Chinese government aimed to improve the 8 （able） to read and write throughout the country， he was drafted to lead the committee in developing an alphabetic system in 1955.
“I said I was 9 amateur， layman（门外汉）， I couldn’t do the job，” Zhou， 10 also contributed to the translation of the Encyclopedia Britannica， told NPR in 2011. “But they said， it’s a new job， everybody is an amateur. Everybody urged me to change professions， so I did. So from 1955， I abandoned economics and started studying writing systems.”
（五）
The Yellow River is the “mother river of China”. Its basin was the center of Chinese politics， economy （经济） and culture for over 2，000 years. It is the second-longest river in China and sixth 1 （long） in the world.
Chinese 2 （general） agree that the Yellow River Basin was the cradle（摇篮） of Chinese Civilization. A great amount of information proves that the Yellow River 3 （be） the most prosperous（繁盛的） region in early Chinese history. The Yellow River is not just 4 river of China， but also the symbol of the Chinese spirit. For thousands of years， the Yellow River has been admired by many great 5 （poet）， artists， and common people. Many poems and songs sing the spirit of Yellow River and Chinese people， Defend the Yellow River （保卫黄河）， and Ode to The Yellow River （黄河颂） 6 （include）.
The Yellow River is the most important water resource（资源）for the dry north of China， 7 （play） an irreplaceable role 8 economic development， and agriculture. Since 1960 over 14 dams 9 （construct） on the river for water power， 10 is vital to northern China’s infrastructure （基础设施）.
答案与解析
（一）本文主要介绍了中国最重要的一个传统节日——春节。人们在这一天和亲人们团聚共同庆祝这个节日。
1. known 因主语Chinese New Year与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。
2. Although/Though 前句与后句之间的关系为转折关系，故用Although/Though引导让步状语从句。
3. explaining 因为句中的legends and stories与explain为主动关系，故用现在分词。
4. for 因the reason for sth. （……的原因）是固定搭配。
5. traditionally 修饰动词celebrated用副词。
6. a 句意为“人们盼望一个好的收成”，表示“一个”用不定冠词。
7. various 修饰名词vocations，用形容词various。
8. to celebrate 作目的状语，用动词不定式to celebrate。
9. is called 主语The New Year’s Eve dinner与谓语动词call之间为被动关系，应用被动态；由与之并列的is believed可知，应用一般现在时，故填is called。
10. families 谓语动词是sit，根据主谓一致原则可知，主语也应是复数。
（二）本文介绍了中国茶叶的历史，神农在一次非常偶然的情况下发现了茶叶，从而开启了中国茶文化。
1. an 本句意为“茶是中国传统中非常重要的一部分”，表示“一”用不定冠词；又因important以元音音素开始，故填an。
2. production 空格处在句中充当主语，故用produce的名词形式，表示“生产”，为不可数名词。
3. growers 由and producers可知，意思是“几代的种植者及制造商们”，表示“种植者”用growers，注意要用复数形式。
4. its 在名词varieties前作定语用形容词性物主代词。
5. who 引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词为Emperor Shennong，用关系代词who。
6. visiting 因主句主语he与visit之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
7. Dried 表示“干枯的”叶子，用过去分词作定语。
8. As 句意为“作为一名科学家，神农对这种新的液体很感兴趣”，表示“作为”用as。
9. drank 因与was interested和found并列， 三个并列的谓语动词应时态一致，都用一般过去时，故填drank。
10. was created 因tea与create之间为被动关系，故要用被动语态；而in 2737BC是表示过去的时间状语，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
（三）本文主要讲述了中国的传统剪纸艺术文化，以及一位中国移民Voyo Woo在美国传播这种文化。
1. earliest 空格前有定冠詞the，而且根据上下文的意思可知此处讲述的是中国“最早的”剪纸是追溯到1500年，因此用形容词最高级。
2. disappearing 在介词（of）后作宾语的动词通常要用动名词。
3. Luckily 放在句首作状语，要用副词形式，表示“幸运地”。
4. held 由in 2014可知用一般过去时，且she与hold是主动关系，故填held。
5. second 意思是她获得了二等奖，故用序数词。
6. to promote 不定式作定语。
7. was invited 因she与invite是被动关系，应用被动语态；叙述过去的经历用一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
8. who 引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是anyone，故用关系代词who。
9. stories 指“人们的生活故事”，根据常识生活故事不止一个，故用复数形式。 10. as 意思是“作为”向其他国家的人展示中华文化的工具，故填介词as。
（四）本文是拼音之父周有光在接受采访时的一部分讲话并体现出了拼音在汉语运用中的重要性。
1. has become 由recently可知用现在完成时。
2. to replace 表示目的用动词不定式。
3. as 因act/work/ function/ serve as为固定搭配， 译为“充当，担任”。
4. national 名词前作定语要用形容词。
5. and 连接两个并列的谓语动词，两个动词的动作先后发生，用and。
6. them 指代上文提到的two Cantonese，作介词to的宾语，用them。
7. was educated 因主语Zhou与educate是被动关系，又发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
8. ability 作宾语且前面有定冠词，要用名词。
9. an 因amateur（业余爱好者）是单数可数名词，表示职业或身份的单数可数名词前通常用不定冠词，而amateur又以元音开头，故填an。
10. who 引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是Zhou，故用who。
（五）本文介绍了中国母亲河——黄河。黄河流域是中华文明的摇篮，哺育了中华儿女，是中国最重要的河流之一。
1. longest 表示“第几长、大、高”等用最高级。
2. generally 修饰动词agree，用副词，表示中国人普遍认为。
3. was 由in early Chinese history 可知用一般過去时，主语the Yellow River是单数，故填was。
4. a 句意为“黄河不仅是中国的一条河，还是中国精神的象征”，表示”一条河流”，用不定冠词a。
5. poets 因受many修饰，故要用复数形式，并与artists，common people并列。
6. included 两首歌与include之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。
7. playing 因主语The Yellow River与play之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
8. in 因play a role in sth. （在……方面起作用）为固定搭配。
9. have been constructed 由Since 1960可知，用现在完成时态，而主语dams与construct是被动关系，故用被动语态。
10. which 引导非限制性定语从句并在定语从句中作主语，先行词是14 dams。
责任编辑 蒋小青