妊娠期糖尿病的病因尚不明确。近期研究发现，肠道菌群在体内的平衡被打破，会导致人体代谢以及免疫系统功能发生紊乱，最终可能导致妊娠期糖尿病。已知多种因素可以影响肠道菌群的变化，其中饮食和抗生素暴露是影响肠道菌群的主要因素。从肠道菌群变化的角度出发，采取个性化膳食指导、科学使用抗生素、适当摄入益生元和益生菌等防治妊娠期糖尿病，可能是有效的途径。“,”The pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. Recent studies have found that a dysbiosis of gut flora could lead to metabolism and immune system disorders in human beings, resulting in GDM. The gut microbiome changes can be affected by various factors, of which diet and antibiotic exposure are the most dominant. From the perspective of the gut microbiome changes, individualized dietary guidance, evidence-based administration of antibiotics, appropriate intake of prebiotics, and probiotics supplement may help prevent and treat GDM.