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当今社会与生态失衡相并行的人类心态失衡问题日益严峻。据世界卫生组织(WHO)估计,全球有20％—30％的人有程度不等的心理异常,有几亿人靠镇静剂维持日常生活。从某种意义上可以说,“心理的失衡是工业革命的副产品,精神病是我们为争取文明所付代价的一部分。” 高度的工业文明引发了急剧的社会文化变迁,带来了严重的文化失范、深刻的文化冲突、频繁的文化休克等等诸如此类的文化应激源,使人类自身的心理免疫功能失调、机体心理防卫机制弱化,出现心理异常也就顺理成章了。这种心理异常往往存在较明显的文化相对性,这就是本文所要探讨的心理异常的文化差异问题。 一、心理异常标准的文化差异
Nowadays, the imbalance of human mentality is aggravating in parallel with the imbalance of ecology. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, 20% -30% of the world’s people have varying degrees of psychological abnormalities, hundreds of millions of people rely on sedatives to maintain their daily lives. In a sense, it can be said that “mental disequilibrium is a by-product of the industrial revolution and mental illness is part of the price we pay for civilization.” A high degree of industrial civilization led to dramatic socio-cultural changes and serious cultural loss , Profound cultural conflicts, frequent cultural shocks, and so on. Therefore, it is logical for human beings to have their psychological and immunological disorders and to weaken the body’s psychological defense mechanism. This kind of psychological abnormality often has a more obvious cultural relativity, which is the cultural difference to be discussed in this article. First, the psychological differences between the standard cultural differences