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目的通过对汶川地震灾后绵阳卫生防疫措施与效果的分析并提出建议,以巩固大灾之后无大疫成果和保障灾后重建顺利进行。方法搜集、整理绵阳传染病疫情资料、抗震救灾卫生防疫工作报表与专题调查报告,回顾性总结汶川地震灾后绵阳卫生防疫工作实践,描述并分析卫生防疫效果。结果总结出10条卫生防疫措施:统筹指挥、整合资源,医疗卫生防疫覆盖到村;统一技术方案,规范应急处置;狠抓环境整治和消杀防疫,消除疾病隐患;注重能力恢复,加强疫情监测报告和分析;现场快检与实验室监测相结合,保证饮水安全;严格食品卫生监管,防止食源性疾病发生;进行应急接种,建立免疫屏障;开展卫生学评价,控制危险因素;开展病媒生物监测,防止媒介生物孳生;广泛开展健康教育,普及救灾防病知识。灾区卫生状况得到改善,无暴发疫情和突发公共卫生事件发生,传染病报告发病率较前3年同期平均水平下降29.23%。结论汶川地震灾后绵阳采取的卫生防疫措施科学有效,传染病报告发病率降低。
Objective Through the analysis of Mianyang’s health and epidemic prevention measures and their effects after the Wenchuan earthquake and suggestions, in order to consolidate the aftermath of the disaster, there is no major epidemic and the disaster reconstruction is carried out smoothly. Methods To collect and organize epidemic situation data of Mianyang infectious diseases, health and epidemic prevention work report and special investigation report of earthquake relief and disaster relief, review the practice of Mianyang health and epidemic prevention after Wenchuan earthquake and describe and analyze the effect of health and epidemic prevention. The results summed up the 10 health and epidemic prevention measures: co-ordination command, integration of resources, health and epidemic prevention coverage to the village; unified technical programs to regulate emergency response; pay close attention to environmental remediation and elimination of epidemic prevention and elimination of hidden dangers; focus on capacity recovery, Reporting and analysis; Combining on-the-spot quick test and laboratory monitoring to ensure drinking water safety; strictly supervising food hygiene to prevent food-borne diseases; conducting emergency vaccination and establishing immune barrier; carrying out hygiene evaluation and controlling risk factors; Biological monitoring to prevent the breeding of vector organisms; extensive health education, popularization of disaster prevention and disease prevention knowledge. The health conditions in the affected areas have been improved. No outbreaks and public health emergencies took place. The incidence of infectious disease reports dropped 29.23% over the previous three-year average. Conclusion The epidemic prevention measures adopted by Mianyang after the Wenchuan earthquake are scientific and effective, and the incidence of infectious disease reports is reduced.