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目的阐述新疆奇台县水痘疫情分布状况及流行病学特征,为水痘防治提供科学依据。方法导出中国疾病预防控制信息(即网络直报)系统中上报的2010—2014年奇台县水痘病例数据采用描述流行病学方法进行统计学分析。结果 2010—2014年奇台县累计上报水痘542例,以2012年发病率最高,2014年最低,年均发病率49.79/10万,各年发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=113.019,P<0.001);全年各月均有病例发生,主要集中在11月、12月和次年1月,共报告病例272例、占全部病例的50.18%,不同月份发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=243.988,P<0.001);5岁~年龄组发病率最高350例,发病率为293.70/10万,占全部病例的64.58%,不同年龄组发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=2 137.674,P<0.001);托幼儿童发病率最高,为514.29/10万,不同职业发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=2 305.991,P<0.001);各乡(镇)均有病例报告,发病率最高奇台镇60.80/10万,占发病总数的43.36%,各乡(镇)发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=117.856,P<0.001)。结论 2010—2014年奇台县水痘病例发病率先上升后下降,自2013年起,针对水痘的发病特点,对全县的小学学生和托幼机构的儿童进行水痘疫苗接种,大大降低了水痘的发病率,保障了人民群众的身体健康。
Objective To describe the distribution and epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in Qitai County of Xinjiang and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of chickenpox. Methods The data of chickenpox cases in Qitai county reported in China’s disease prevention and control information (ie, network direct report) system from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 542 chickenpox cases were reported in Qitai County from 2010 to 2014, with the highest incidence in 2012 and the lowest in 2014 with an annual average incidence of 49.79 / 100000. There was significant difference in the incidence of each year (χ2 = 113.019, P < 0.001). There were all cases in each month of the year, mainly in November, December and January of the following year. A total of 272 cases were reported, accounting for 50.18% of all cases, with significant difference in morbidity in different months (χ2 = 243.988, P <0.001). The highest incidence was 350 cases in the age group of 5 years old, the incidence rate was 293.70 / 100000, accounting for 64.58% of the total cases. The incidence of different age groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 2 137.674, P <0.001). The highest incidence of child care in infants and young children was 514.29 / 100 000, the incidence of different occupations was statistically significant (χ2 = 2 305.991, P <0.001) The highest Qitai town was 60.80 / 100000, accounting for 43.36% of the total. The incidence of each township was statistically different (χ2 = 117.856, P <0.001). Conclusions The incidence of chickenpox cases in Qitai County increased firstly and then decreased from 2010 to 2014. Since 2013, for the incidence of chickenpox, chickenpox vaccination was given to primary school students and nurseries of children in the county, greatly reducing the incidence of chickenpox Rate, to protect the health of the people.