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为什么社会主义生产关系能够在生产力水平相对落后的国家产生?为什么资本主义生产关系至今仍存?为什么说社会主义生产关系是先进的生产关系?为什么先进的生产关系会在相对落后的生产力基础上产生?这些事实是否违背马克思主义关于生产力决定生产关系这一客观规律呢?本文拟从生产力定义域的角度从理论上对以上几个问题进行探讨。马克思关于生产力决定生产关系规律,包含两个主要方面:首先,生产力决定生产关系,有什么样的生产力水平,就必然存在什么样的生产关系;其次生产关系在一定的条件下对生产力具有反作用。要正确理解这一规律的内含,有必要对生产力与生产关系进行详细的分析。
Why the socialist relations of production can be produced in countries with relatively backward productivity levels Why capitalist relations of production still exist Why socialist relations of production are advanced relations of production Why advanced relations of production arise on the basis of relatively backward productive forces Are these facts contrary to Marxist objective laws that determine the relations of production by productive forces? This article intends to discuss the above issues theoretically from the perspective of the definition of productive forces. Marx’s law on the relationship between the productive forces and the production determines two major aspects: first, what kind of relations of production inevitably exists in the relationship between the productive forces and the level of productive forces; and second, the productive relations have a counterproductive effect on the productive forces under certain conditions. To correctly understand the implications of this law, it is necessary to conduct a detailed analysis of the relations between productive forces and production.