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刘仙洲为我国著名机械学家、机械工程教育家,早年抱定“教育救国”、“工业救国”理念,然而随着理想的受挫其政治态度一度消沉。新中国成立后,经过短暂的疑虑、思考与比较,刘仙洲最终于1955年申请加入中国共产党,成为建国后最早入党的知名老教授,在当时学术界、教育界引起强烈反响。刘仙洲于建国前后政治态度的变化颇具代表性,反映了部分知识分子在特定历史条件下的政治历程。本文对以刘仙洲为典型案例的部分知识分子政治态度变迁轨迹的探讨,有助于重新审视新政权与知识分子间的复杂关系。
Liu Xianzhou, a famous mechanic and mechanical engineering educator in China, embraced the concept of “saving the nation by education” and “saving the nation by industry” in the early years. However, his political attitude was subdued with the ideal setback. After the founding of new China, after a short period of doubts, thoughts and comparisons, Liu Xianzhou eventually applied for membership in the Chinese Communist Party in 1955 and became the well-known old professor who first joined the party after the founding of the People’s Republic. At that time, academic and educational circles aroused strong repercussions. The changes in political attitudes of Liu Xianzhou before and after the founding of the PRC were rather representative, reflecting the political course of some intellectuals under certain historical conditions. This article discusses the changing trajectory of political attitudes of some intellectuals taking Liu Xianzhou as a typical case, which helps to re-examine the complex relationship between the new regime and intellectuals.