全民医疗保障体系是党和政府关注的焦点,在公平保障全民医疗需求方面具有不可或缺的作用。然而,它也受到一些因素的制约,这些制约因素影响全民医疗保障体系的整体效应与政策目标的实现。首先,人口老龄化因素制约全民医疗保障体系的发展。目前,中国老龄人口已达到1.6亿人,且每年以800万人口的速度增加,中国的退休人口 The universal medical security system is the focus of the party and government and plays an indispensable role in ensuring the universal medical needs. However, it is also constrained by a number of factors that affect the overall effectiveness of the universal health-care system and the achievement of its policy goals. First of all, the aging population restricts the development of universal health care system. At present, the population of China’s elderly population has reached 160 million and is growing at an annual rate of 8 million. The retired population in China