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与市场经济的常规逻辑相悖,在中国,绝大多数经济上已经破产的企业在各种非市场因素的支撑下继续生存着,真正走上破产法庭的微乎其微。自1988年11月1日《破产法》生效至1993年底,5年内法院仅受理破产案件1417件。这与我国目前国有企业“三三制”的亏损格局形成鲜明的反差。 一、抵制企业破产的公共选择因素 本文仅把地方国有企业的破产问题作为考察对象。这不仅是因为中央企业占整个国有企业的比重很小,而且还由于中央企业的破产决策是中央政府能够驾驭的,因而不能将之作为“实证”考察的对象。而地方国有企业的破产问题则基本上是一个公共选择过程,参与选择的各
Contrary to the conventional logic of a market economy, in China, the vast majority of companies that have been bankrupted in the economy continue to survive under the support of a variety of non-market factors, and it is negligible for them to go into bankruptcy court. Since the entry into force of the Bankruptcy Law on November 1, 1988, to the end of 1993, the Court accepted only 1,417 bankruptcy cases within five years. This contrasts sharply with the loss pattern of China’s current state-owned enterprises’ “three-three” system. First, the public choice factor to resist the bankruptcy of the enterprise This article only considers the bankruptcy of the local state-owned enterprises as the inspection object. This is not only because the proportion of central SOEs in the entire state-owned enterprises is small, but also because the central government’s bankruptcy decisions can be controlled by the central government, so it cannot be used as an object of “empirical” inspection. The bankruptcy of local state-owned enterprises is basically a public choice process.