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五四科学思潮的发生建立在晚清以来的社会变革之上。近代传播业、教育业的萌芽发展以及学会社团组织的出现形成了一个知识、文化、思想和实践的阵营,这个阵营凝结了知识分子群体,有着思想、知识以及媒介、资源等方面的巨大潜能,它开创了公共文化空间及公共话语空间,因而具有强大的影响能力,尤其在清末民初的政治失序的权力“真空”状态下,获得了较多的言论自由。它为五四科学思潮准备了动力和资源,也是新文化运动得以发生的社会基础。
The occurrence of the May 4th scientific thought was based on the social changes since late Qing Dynasty. The birth of modern communication industry and education industry and the emergence of societies and associations have formed a camp of knowledge, culture, thought and practice. This camp has condensed the great potential of intellectuals in the fields of ideology, knowledge, media and resources, It opened up a space for public culture and public discourse, and thus had a strong influence. In particular, it gained more freedom of speech under the power of “political vacuum” in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republican period. It has prepared the motive force and resources for the May Fourth scientific thought and also the social basis for the new cultural movement to take place.