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[目的]了解大学新生视力状况及其影响因素,为高校视力保健提供依据。[方法]采用E字型国际标准对数视力表对入学体检的大学新生进行裸眼视力检测,采用卡方检验方法,对数据进行统计学处理。[结果](1)男女视力不良率分别是80.67%和85.46%,女生视力不良率高于男生,差别有统计学意义(χ2=21.85,P﹤0.05)。(2)在视力不良率大学新生中,不论男女,中度视力低下率高于轻度视力低下率,重度视力低下率又大大高于中度视力低下率,差异均有统计学意义。(3)20世纪80年代、90年代和21世纪比较:80～90年代是大学新生视力不良率呈不断上升时期,而90年代～21世纪初,大学新生视力不良率呈现平稳时期。[结论]大学新生视力状况较差,应在大学期间积极做好大学生的近视防治工作。
[Objective] To understand the freshmen’s visual acuity and its influencing factors in order to provide the basis for college visual acuity health care. [Methods] The naked eye visual acuity was tested on the freshmen who had taken physical examination by using the E-shaped international standard logarithmic visual acuity chart. The data were statistically processed by the chi-square test. [Results] (1) The visual acuity rates of male and female were 80.67% and 85.46%, respectively. The rate of visual impairment in female students was higher than that of male students (χ2 = 21.85, P <0.05). (2) Among the freshmen with poor eyesight rate, both men and women, the moderate low vision rate is higher than the mild low vision rate, the severe low vision rate is much higher than the moderate low vision rate, the differences are statistically significant. (3) Compared with the 1980s, 1990s and the 21st century in the 1980s: The 80s-90s are the rising rate of the vision loss rate of the freshmen in the university. However, the rate of poor vision of freshmen in the 90s-the 21st century shows a steady period. [Conclusion] The freshmen’s visual acuity is poor, so they should do a good job in college students’ prevention and treatment of myopia.