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该实验通过普通光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜的方法,研究不同盐度条件下(盐度0、10、20、27、35)广盐性海水鱼类遮目鱼(Chanos chanos)幼鱼鳃器官结构和鳃上线粒体丰富细胞分布及结构的变化。鳃线粒体丰富细胞呈椭圆形或卵圆形,内含有大量线粒体,细胞核较大。在不同盐度条件下,遮目鱼幼鱼出现两种鳃线粒体丰富细胞:一种是具有顶端小窝、线粒体体积较大的A型线粒体丰富细胞;另一种是单独存在、线粒体体积较小的B型线粒体丰富细胞。随着盐度降低,A型线粒体丰富细胞及其线粒体数量减少、体积减小,电子密度降低,顶端开口变小甚至关闭。盐度降至淡水条件下,鳃小片肿胀、脱落,鳃小片上增生出具有大面积平滑或波状的顶端开口的B型线粒体丰富细胞。结果表明,在高渗环境下,A型线粒体丰富细胞较为丰富和发达,其结构特征适应了离子分泌的功能,为海水型线粒体丰富细胞;在低渗环境下,B型线粒体丰富细胞较为丰富,其结构特征适应了离子吸收的功能,为淡水型线粒体丰富细胞。不同结构类型鳃线粒体丰富细胞的存在使得广盐性海水鱼类可以适应较广的盐度范围变化。
The experiment studied the effects of Chanos chanos on seawater of salinized seawater under different salinities (salinity 0, 10, 20, 27, 35) by means of ordinary optical microscope, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope Changes of structure and distribution of mitochondria - rich cells in gill organs and gills. Gill mitochondria-rich cells were oval or oval, containing a large number of mitochondria, larger nuclei. Under different salinities, there are two kinds of mitochondria-rich cells in juvenile milkfish: one is type A mitochondria-rich cells with apical trough, the larger mitochondria; the other is alone, the mitochondria are smaller B-type mitochondria-rich cells. With decreasing salinity, type A mitochondria enriched cells and mitochondria decreased in number, decreased in volume, decreased in electron density, and decreased or even closed the top opening. Under the condition of salinity decreasing to freshwater, gill pieces swollen and fall off, and type B mitochondria-enriched cells with a large open area smooth or undulating surface were proliferated. The results showed that in hypertonic environment, type A mitochondria-rich cells were abundant and well-developed, their structural characteristics adapted to the function of ion secretion, which were seawater-type mitochondria-enriched cells; in hypotonic environment, type B mitochondria-rich cells were abundant, Its structural features adapt to the function of ion absorption, as freshwater mitochondria-rich cells. The existence of mitochondria-rich cells in different types of structures makes widely-salted marine fish adapt to a wide range of salinity.