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目的分析2013-2015年北京市东城区流感样病例暴发疫情及其流行病学特征。方法统计分析2013年1月至2015年12月北京市东城区报告的流感样病例暴发疫情的调查报告。结果 2013年1月至2015年12月北京市东城区共报告13起流感样病例暴发疫情,报告病例总数为197例,平均罹患率为31.7%。疫情持续时间M=5.0d,疫情达到峰值时间M=1.5 d。秋冬季疫情高发,均发生在9月至次年1月。疫情发生在幼儿园,学校和医院,平均罹患率分别为小学生38.8%,中学生17.4%,幼儿园儿童38.7%,医院实习医生41.2%。临床症状以发热(≥38℃)、咳嗽和咽痛为主,分别为157例(79.2%),85例(43.1%)和84例(42.6%)。采集病例咽拭子标本,进行呼吸道病原核酸检测,检出甲型H3N2流感病毒、乙型Yamagata系流感病毒、乙型Victoria系流感病毒、鼻病毒、腺病毒、肺炎衣原体和肺炎链球菌核酸阳性,阳性率分别为12.5%、2.1%、15.6%、3.1%、43.8%、5.2%和1.1%。结论 2013-2015年北京市东城区流感样病例暴发疫情主要发生在秋冬季,高发于学校及托幼机构,应加强重点机构和人员监测及防控措施落实。
Objective To analyze the epidemic situation and epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like cases in Dongcheng District, Beijing during 2013-2015. Methods Statistical analysis of the reported cases of influenza-like outbreaks in Dongcheng District, Beijing from January 2013 to December 2015 was conducted. Results From January 2013 to December 2015, a total of 13 flu-like outbreaks were reported in Dongcheng District, Beijing. The total number of reported cases was 197 and the average attack rate was 31.7%. The epidemic duration M = 5.0d, the epidemic peak time M = 1.5d. High incidence of autumn and winter epidemics, have occurred in September to January next year. The outbreaks occurred in kindergartens, schools and hospitals. The average attack rate was 38.8% for primary students, 17.4% for secondary students, 38.7% for kindergarten children and 41.2% for hospital intern doctors. Clinical symptoms were fever (≥38 ℃), cough and sore throat, 157 cases (79.2%), 85 cases (43.1%) and 84 cases (42.6%) respectively. Samples of throat swabs were collected for detection of respiratory pathogenic nucleic acids and positive for type A H3N2 influenza virus, type B Yamagata influenza virus, type B Victoria virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, The positive rates were 12.5%, 2.1%, 15.6%, 3.1%, 43.8%, 5.2% and 1.1% respectively. Conclusion The outbreaks of influenza-like illness in Dongcheng District of Beijing during 2013-2015 mainly occurred in the autumn and winter, which occurred in schools and nurseries. Monitoring and prevention and control measures of key institutions and personnel should be strengthened.