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A five-lump kinetic model for hydrocracking of coal tar is proposed to simulate the product distribution on the basis of the experimental data of coal tar in a laboratory ifxed-bed downlfow reactor with a Ni/Mo catalyst at a temperature of 360―380°C. The kinetic model includes 5 lumps, viz.:unreacted coal tar, diesel, gasoline, gas, and coke. The product distribution predicted and measured were compared and analyzed, indicating that the kinetic model in this research is suitable for the hydrocracking process of coal tar. Meanwhile, the hydrocracking mechanism of coal tar was further analyzed on the basis of the kinetic model. During the entire hydrocracking process of coal tar, the diesel fraction served as an intermediate component of the reaction.